y^N = c + g + j                    

                                                                            45° 

 

 

 

 

                                                            c + g  + j

                                                                  

                                                              c =  c₀ + c_yy

 

 

 

 

dg{

 

  c₀

 

                                                                           y,y^A        

                                          y₀^*      dy       y₁^*